1. Motivating and Characterizing Experimental Philosophy Philosophers necessarily call on various assumptions in their philosophical theorizing. Sometimes, these assumptions are explicitly flagged as such, but often they are simply taken for granted, perhaps being treated as basic starting points. Some of the assumptions philosophers call on are evidentially robust, including many informed by systematic investigation, such as in empirical philosophy , where philosophers appeal to findings from the scientific literature (Prinz 2008). Other times the evidential credentials of these assumptions are less clear, being based on received wisdom, folk theory, background knowledge, common sense, intuition, or the like. Unfortunately, many seemingly plausible common sense assumptions turn out to be mistaken. Advocates of experimental philosophy believe that the same is likely to hold for some philosophical assumptions.…