Almost every coral reef ecosystem on the planet is at high risk of collapse by 2075, a global assessment released on Thursday has found, with warming oceans and heat waves the main drivers.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature announced the findings on the sidelines of a U.N. biodiversity conference in Albania . It said some 96% of shallow-water reef systems are already critically endangered and could disappear by 2075.

The Red List of Coral Reef Ecosystems assessment, the first of its kind, was led scientifically by Mishal Gudka.

“The risk of coral reef collapse is escalating, but this must be a wake-up call rather than a cause for despair,” said Gudka. “Coral reefs have shown a remarkable ability to bounce back from devastating bleaching events.…