Data availability All data generated and supporting the findings of this study are available within the Article and its Supplementary Information . The raw sequencing data reported in this study have been deposited at the Genome Sequence Archive under accession number PRJCA051840 . Data for VLDLR expression across various organs in humans are accessible in the DISCO 36 . Data on PD-L1 expression in pancreatic tumours and its correlation with survival are available in the GEPIA 37 .  Source data are provided with this paper. References GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 402 , 203–234 (2023). Article   Google Scholar   Siegel, R. L. et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J. Clin. 73 , 17–48 (2023). PubMed   Google Scholar   Barbier, A. J., Jiang, A. Y., Zhang, P., Wooster, R. & Anderson, D. G.…