Initial disclosure: First, I am American and may have a different point-of-view than the English. Second, I am assuming, perhaps counterfactually, that the people described herein are arguing in good faith.

I have seen several rounds of debate about whether various immigrants to the UK and their descendants are "English". For example, Konstantin Kisin claimed that Rishi Sunak is not "English" because Sunak is Indian (his exact quote was "a brown-skinned Hindu"). Sunak responded that he is "English" because he grew up in England and identifies with the country.

Putting aside what Kisin was trying to get at, these positions can both be correct. "English" can describe a person from a particular ethnicity that originates from what we now call England.…