The problem: Japanese data has no single doorway
The first reflex for a Japanese company is to search the name and read whatever page comes back. That works for one company and collapses on the second: the pieces you need sit in four registers with four access rules, none of them a page you want to automate against. This is the map of which official source answers which question, and where each stops.
The identity layer: corporate numbers
Company names are not unique and get transcribed inconsistently, so a name match is not an identity. The corporate number (法人番号) is the stable key: a 13-digit identifier from the National Tax Agency, reachable through the corporate number API with a free application ID, plus a CSV publication for bulk work. Use it as the join key for everything below. The corporate number API: looking up any Japanese company .
Filings and financial statements: EDINET API v2
For anything financial, the official route is EDINET, the FSA's disclosure system.…