After slowing Russia’s rate of advance over the past several months, Ukraine may have tipped the scales in April and recaptured more of its land than it lost, according to an analysis of battlefield positions.

The Institute for the Study of War, a Washington-based think tank, said it had observed evidence that Russian forces suffered a net loss of 116 square kilometres (45 square miles) during the month.

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That figure counted only territory firmly held by each side, not what it called “grey zones”, where both Russian and Ukrainian soldiers held positions.

“Russian forces have been using infiltration tactics in part to create the perception of…