The FBI seized and took down two websites linked to the pro-Iranian hacktivist group Handala, which last week claimed responsibility for a destructive cyberattack against the U.S. medical tech giant Stryker.  As of Thursday, the contents of a website where Handala publicized its hacks, as well as another website that the group used to dox dozens of people over their alleged ties to the Israeli military and defense contractors, such as Elbit Systems and NSO Group, were replaced by a banner announcing the law enforcement action.  The seizure announcement did not say why the FBI and the Justice Department took down the websites. But the language in them appears to indicate U.S. authorities believed these sites were run by hackers linked to a foreign government. “Law enforcement authorities determined this domain was used to conduct, facilitate, or support malicious cyber activities on behalf of, or in coordination with, a foreign state actor,” read the seizure announcement.…