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Python asyncio Complete Guide: Coroutines, Tasks, and Event Loops

Python's asyncio has matured into the standard way to write concurrent I/O-bound code, but the learning curve remains steep. The introduction of Task Groups in Python 3.11 and improved exception handling make async Python more ergonomic than ever. This guide covers the patterns that work — and the ones that bite you — with production-ready examples.

Core Concepts

Concept What It Is When to Use

Coroutine A function defined with async def — can be suspended and resumed Any I/O-bound operation: HTTP requests, DB queries, file I/O

Task A coroutine wrapped and scheduled to run on the event loop Run multiple coroutines concurrently

Event Loop The scheduler that runs async code (one thread, cooperative multitasking) You rarely touch this directly — asyncio.run() handles it

Awaitable Anything…