Introduction

Logging is an essential part of any production software. It helps in debugging, monitoring, and maintaining the software. Python’s built-in logging module provides a flexible and powerful logging framework. This article explains common Python logging patterns and best practices for production scripts.

Log Levels

Python's logging module defines log levels which determine the severity of the message. Common log levels include DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL. Each log level corresponds to a numeric value, with DEBUG being the lowest and CRITICAL being the highest.

import logging logging . basicConfig ( level = logging . INFO )

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In this example, we set the log level to INFO , meaning only messages at or above INFO level will be captured.

Handlers and Formatters

Handlers control where and how logs are written. Common handlers include StreamHandler for console output, FileHandler for file output, and SMTPHandler for sending emails.…