The future of AI isn't a single powerful model — it's teams of specialized agents working together.

Multi-agent systems (MAS) can divide complex problems, debate solutions, critique each other, and deliver better results than a single LLM prompt.

In this tutorial, we'll build a complete multi-agent system from scratch using Python, focusing on core concepts before using any fancy framework.

What We’ll Build

A research and content creation team consisting of 4 agents:

Planner Agent — Breaks down the task

Researcher Agent — Gathers information

Writer Agent — Creates the content

Critic Agent — Reviews and improves output

Prerequisites

Python 3.10+

OpenAI API key (or any LLM provider)

Basic understanding of Python classes and APIs

`Step 1: Define the Agent Class

Pythonfrom openai import OpenAI

from typing import List, Dict

import json

client = OpenAI()

class Agent:

def init (self, name: str, role: str, tools=None):

self.name = name

self.role = role

self.tools = tools or []

self.memory =…