Most blockchains make a trade-off that many developers don't notice until it's too late: everything on-chain is public. Wallet balances, transaction histories, and identity proofs are all visible to anyone who looks. For many DApps, this is a fundamental blocker. You cannot build a private voting system, a confidential financial tool, or an identity layer if every piece of data you store is readable by the entire network.t Midnight solves this with private state : data that lives only on the user's device, is never transmitted to the blockchain (not even encrypted) and is verified using zero-knowledge proofs. The blockchain stores only a cryptographic commitment to that data. Validators can confirm that computations were performed correctly without ever seeing the underlying values. In this tutorial, you learn how to manage private state in a Midnight DApp. You build a complete project from scratch, a Private Score Tracker, where a user maintains a private score that only they can increment or decrement.…