Searching "how to undo a git commit" returns 10 Stack Overflow answers with different commands and no explanation of which to use when. Here is the decision tree.

Step 1: Did you push the commit?

No, it is only local. You have the most options. Use git reset:

# Keep your changes staged (safest — nothing is lost) git reset HEAD~1 --soft

# Keep your changes unstaged but on disk git reset HEAD~1 --mixed

# Discard your changes completely (no recovery without reflog) git reset HEAD~1 --hard

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Yes, it is already pushed. Do not rewrite history on a shared branch. Use git revert instead:

git revert HEAD # undo the most recent commit git push # push the undo commit

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Revert creates a new commit that inverts the changes.…