TL;DR: Everything works great until it doesn't. I've watched dashboards look perfectly healthy — p50 latency under 50ms, error rate flat — right up until a table crosses 500k rows and suddenly specific endpoints start timing out.
📖 Reading time: ~45 min
What's in this article
The Moment You Know You Have a Query Problem
Step 1: Enable the Tools You Actually Need
Start with pg_stat_statements — Everything Else Is Guesswork
Step 2: Read EXPLAIN ANALYZE Without Guessing
The Index Mistakes I See Most Often
N+1 Queries: The Silent Killer in ORM-Heavy Apps
VACUUM, ANALYZE, and Table Bloat — The Stuff Nobody Talks About
The Autovacuum Lie (And How to Stop Falling For It)
The Moment You Know You Have a Query Problem
Everything works great until it doesn't. I've watched dashboards look perfectly healthy — p50 latency under 50ms, error rate flat — right up until a table crosses 500k rows and suddenly specific endpoints start timing out. The failure mode is never gradual.…