Schools collect millions of marks every year, yet very few can confidently and assuringly answer a simple question: Why did a student get that score?

Modern education has become highly effective at measuring outcomes. Every examination, assignment, and assessment produces a numerical result that is recorded, compared, and used to make academic decisions. However, while educational institutions have become proficient at documenting performance, they often struggle to understand the factors that create it.

This reveals a fundamental flaw in the way student progress is measured. Marks tell educators where a student stands at a given moment, but they rarely explain the learning journey that led to that outcome. A score can indicate success or difficulty, yet it provides little insight into the underlying causes of either.

Consider a student who scores 65% on an examination. The result suggests that improvement is needed, but the score itself raises more questions than it answers.…