Uganda’s Nakibembe Embaire Group gives an open-air performance at the Festival de Frue in 2025. A giant pit was dug in the venue grounds to house a log xylophone for the group's show. | MAKOTO EBI

Navigating Japan’s outdoor music festival scene can feel a bit like shopping at Uniqlo: so many options, so few surprises.

From spring through fall, dozens of events around the country offer lineups of domestic artists that feel practically interchangeable. Promoters trying to do something more adventurous — and cosmopolitan — face an uphill struggle, from the weak yen to a waning appetite for international music among local audiences.

There have been some valiant attempts over the past decade, though few have managed to stick it out.…