Introduction

TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) networks serve as the critical communication infrastructure for sectors such as transportation, civil defense, and utilities, where reliability and resilience are paramount. These networks are designed to ensure uninterrupted voice and data transmission in high-stakes environments. However, a rigorous technical analysis uncovers a critical vulnerability: TETRA’s authentication mechanisms are inherently defective , exposing mission-critical operations to traffic injection attacks. Contrary to prevailing industry assumptions, TETRA networks lack individual message-level authentication and integrity verification , a deficiency exacerbated by the absence of re-authentication during cell tower handoffs.…