This is a DRAFT of the second part of Chapter 4 - On CPU Physics and CPU Cycles, of the Vol.1 of an upcoming book "Efficient C++ Programming for Modern 64-bit CPUs" by Sherry Ignatchenko and Dmytro Ivanchykhin. Feel free to comment on it - especially if you see some factual inconsistencies, we'll be happy to fix them. For the first part of Chapter 4, see https://6it.dev/blog/on-cpu-physics-and-cpu-cycles-80730 . Cold Hard Numbers Now, armed with all the information above (and adding bits from [Ignatchenko16a] , [Fog] , and other sources listed below), we can make an all-important diagram to replace micro-benchmarks for many practical purposes, and indicate costs of most popular operations in the dev’s vocabulary. DISCLAIMER: all the numbers below are accurate only within an order of magnitude!…