When our 2TB time-series table’s B-tree index hit 18GB, query latency spiked to 2.1s and vacuum operations took 14 hours. Switching to PostgreSQL 17’s BRIN indexes cut index size to 180MB—100x smaller—slashed p99 latency to 89ms, and reduced vacuum time to 47 minutes. Here’s exactly how we did it, with benchmark-backed code and real-world tradeoffs.

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