Sustainable underwater power Schematic diagram of submerged perovskite solar cells for underwater applications. (Courtesy: Simin Ma, Yunnan University)"> Sustainable underwater power Schematic diagram of submerged perovskite solar cells for underwater applications. (Courtesy: Simin Ma, Yunnan University)

Terrestrial solar cells rely on capturing a broad spectrum of sunlight, particularly the low-energy, long-wavelength red and infrared regions between 800 and 1150 nm. Emulating this concept underwater fails because water acts as a fierce optical filter, strongly absorbing light at wavelengths of 630 nm or more. Furthermore, descending just a few metres deeper completely attenuates longer wavelengths.…