The Supreme Court announced on Monday that it would revisit the issue of race and school admissions, three years after it sharply restricted affirmative action in higher education.

The case involves four selective public middle schools in Montgomery County, Md., just outside the nation’s capital. A group of mostly Asian American parents sued the school system after it changed its admissions criteria, saying that the new rules unconstitutionally discriminated against Asian American students.

In 2023, the Supreme Court struck down race-conscious admissions programs at Harvard and the University of North Carolina.…