WebSocket provides low-latency, bidirectional communication between clients and servers. It is a widely used solution for building real-time systems. Once a WebSocket connection is established, the underlying TCP connection remains open until either the client or the server closes it, allowing both sides to exchange messages continuously throughout the lifetime of the connection.

As systems grow, the challenge of scaling WebSocket infrastructure becomes important. Broadly, there are two approaches: vertical scaling and horizontal scaling.

In vertical scaling, the resources of a single server — CPU, RAM, and network bandwidth — are increased so it can handle more WebSocket connections. This approach works well for small to medium-scale systems, but only to a certain extent.…